Soal Asli SNBT 2017 LBE

The applications, games, and websites that are promoted as 'educational' are not always the best ones for supporting learning. The fact that they are interactive does not necessarily mean that they are much better than an old-fashioned workbook with its right and wrong answers. Children may enjoy these products for a while but then get a bit bored. Thus, they are not the most appropriate or engaging way to learn. Treat so-called 'free' applications with caution. Some will expose your child to advertisements. Others are designed to wait until your child is engaged in a game or storyline and then demand payment before they can go any further. This can lead to frustration as young children do not understand why they cannot continue. Sometimes it is better to make a small payment in advance if the application promises no further purchases. However, some applications are free to download and completely free of advertisements or in-app purchases. Choosing an app needs the same kind of though and care you would put into buying anything else for your child. Do not rely only on the star rating. Instead, read the user reviews and check the privacy policy if you are worried about the personal information that the app might be collecting. If you want your child to enjoy learning, develop curiosity, and think about things creatively, provide them with a range of games and apps. Open-ended games have become progressively more challenging and encourage children to explore and have fun. They are, therefore, more likely to establish a love of learning and to lay the foundation for their future development. Physical activity, reading, and other more 'traditional' activities continue to play a very important part in children's development. But, most parents do rely on screen devices from time to time to engage their child while they are busy with something else. This is not a problem in itself, just as long as children's time is made up of a balanced range of activities. (Adapted from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/quides/z3tsyrd)

The author would apparently agree that ...

1. A.Open-ended games can stimulate children's love for learning
2. B.Some games and applications are boring because they are too easy
3. C.There is no convincing prediction for the future of the games and apps
4. D.It is better to pay for games in advance so that children can learn freely
5. E.Apps star rating provides users with reviews on the good things of games and apps

Young people have put the spotlight on mental health in Mission Australia's Youth Survey this year, naming it as one of the top three issues facing Australia. The survey found concerns about mental health across the country have doubled alarmingly since 2011. About 22,000 young people aged 15 to 19 took part in the survey and more than 20 per cent cited mental health as among their top national issues. Alcohol and drugs were cited as their top concern, followed by equity and discrimination. Mission Australia chief executive Chaterine Yeomans said concerns about mental health were at their highest level in the survey's 15-year history, "If young people are telling us that they think this is one of the top three concerns facing the nation, then we should sit up and pay top attention and we should think about whether we've got the right responses in place," she said. "Let's look at the issues and put in programs that are going to support young people." The results did not surprise 19-year-old Savannah van deer Veer, who has managed depression and obsessive compulsive disorder for more than a decade. "People don't take you seriously, they just assume all children are kind of moody and unusual- they do strange things that don't make sense." she said. "But I was really suffering and I didn't really know how to talk about it and I didn't really know that what was happening to me wasn't normal." Miss van deer Veer said she tumed to her mother and counsellors for support. Youth mental health group Batyr held more than 150 workshops in Australian high schools last year. The program is facilitated by young people who have experienced mental health issues. "What our programs are designed to do is to make it $ \mathrm{OK} $ to not be $ \mathrm{OK} $ -to show young people that there are people out there like them who are suffering and going through tough times but that we can talk about it as a group." chief executive Sam Refshauge said. The sessions incorporate music and activities to shift negative stigma around mental health issues. (Adapted from: http://www.abc.net.eu/news/2016-12-05/mentol-health-top-concernamonq-younq-australians-survey-finds/8092846)

Based on the passage, young people will understand their own mental health condition if ...

1. A.High school programs prioritize social welfare
2. B.Workshops on mental health are effectively conducted
3. C.Their family and school consider mental disorder seriously
4. D.More research on mental health reveals the roots
5. E.Mental health becomes a school subject.

Young people have put the spotlight on mental health in Mission Australia's Youth Survey this year, naming it as one of the top three issues facing Australia. The survey found concerns about mental health across the country have doubled alarmingly since 2011. About 22,000 young people aged 15 to 19 took part in the survey and more than 20 per cent cited mental health as among their top national issues. Alcohol and drugs were cited as their top concern, followed by equity and discrimination. Mission Australia chief executive Chaterine Yeomans said concerns about mental health were at their highest level in the survey's 15-year history, "If young people are telling us that they think this is one of the top three concerns facing the nation, then we should sit up and pay top attention and we should think about whether we've got the right responses in place," she said. "Let's look at the issues and put in programs that are going to support young people." The results did not surprise 19-year-old Savannah van deer Veer, who has managed depression and obsessive compulsive disorder for more than a decade. "People don't take you seriously, they just assume all children are kind of moody and unusual- they do strange things that don't make sense." she said. "But I was really suffering and I didn't really know how to talk about it and I didn't really know that what was happening to me wasn't normal." Miss van deer Veer said she tumed to her mother and counsellors for support. Youth mental health group Batyr held more than 150 workshops in Australian high schools last year. The program is facilitated by young people who have experienced mental health issues. "What our programs are designed to do is to make it $ \mathrm{OK} $ to not be $ \mathrm{OK} $ -to show young people that there are people out there like them who are suffering and going through tough times but that we can talk about it as a group." chief executive Sam Refshauge said. The sessions incorporate music and activities to shift negative stigma around mental health issues. (Adapted from: http://www.abc.net.eu/news/2016-12-05/mentol-health-top-concernamonq-younq-australians-survey-finds/8092846)

What is the author's attitude toward the topic of the passage?

1. A.Concerned
2. B.Ignorant
3. C.Pessimistic
4. D.Doubtful
5. E.Critical

The applications, games, and websites that are promoted as 'educational' are not always the best ones for supporting learning. The fact that they are interactive does not necessarily mean that they are much better than an old-fashioned workbook with its right and wrong answers. Children may enjoy these products for a while but then get a bit bored. Thus, they are not the most appropriate or engaging way to learn. Treat so-called 'free' applications with caution. Some will expose your child to advertisements. Others are designed to wait until your child is engaged in a game or storyline and then demand payment before they can go any further. This can lead to frustration as young children do not understand why they cannot continue. Sometimes it is better to make a small payment in advance if the application promises no further purchases. However, some applications are free to download and completely free of advertisements or in-app purchases. Choosing an app needs the same kind of thought and care you would put into buying anything else for your child. Do not rely only on the star rating. Instead, read the user reviews and check the privacy policy if you are worried about the personal information that the app might be collecting. If you want your child to enjoy learning, develop curiosity, and think about things creatively, provide them with a range of games and apps. Open-ended games have become progressively more challenging and encourage children to explore and have fun. They are, therefore, more likely to establish a love of learning and to lay the foundation for their future development. Physical activity, reading, and other more 'traditional' activities continue to play a very important part in children's development. But, most parents do rely on screen devices from time to time to engage their child while they are busy with something else. This is not a problem in itself, just as long as children's time is made up of a balanced range of activities.

The author would apparently agree that ....

1. A.open-ended games can stimulate children's love for learning.
2. B.some games and applications are boring because they are too easy.
3. C.there is no convincing prediction for the future of the games and apps.
4. D.it is better to pay for games in advance so that children can learn freely.
5. E.apps star rating provides users with reviews on the good things of games and apps.

The second advantage of herbal medicines is the absence of long term effects. Repeated and long-term use of herbal remedies does no result in long-term effects on the body. Certain pharmaceutical drugs like paracetamol when used for long periods results in permanent body damage and long-term ill effects. Herbal remedies on the other hand are not harmful to the body in the long term. One can use most herbal remedies repeatedly and regularly without any worries. Another benefit of using herbal remedies is that they are completely natural. They do not have chemical composition or drugs. Due to their natural nature they can be consumed regularly. These natural remedies also result in a better immune system. Furthermoze, herbal remedies have multipurpose benefits. For instance, ginger is usually used as an herbal remedy for colds and digestive disorders, but one can also use it in their tea, beverages and daily home cooked foods for flavoring. Similarly, herbal extracts from peppermint can not only add spice and flavor to your kitchen recipes, but can also be used as anti-depressant. Herbal remedies are absolutely inexpensive and sometimes even absolutely free of cost. Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, herbal remedies have no manufacturing costs, making them far cheaper. Some herbal remedies like ginseng, peppermint and ginger can even be grown in your backyard. Herbal remedies are easily accessible. Certain herbal remedies like ginger, peppermint and basil leaves can be acquired anywhere in the world. One can even visit any local drug store and purchase herbal remedies without any trouble. Besides this you can even grow some of the remedies in your garden. Another excellent benefit of herbal remedies is that it can be used to cure people of all ages. Children, adults and even elderly people can resort to herbal remedies to get rid of their ailments. Due to their natural nature, herbal remedies most often do not cause an allergic reaction in the body. Several people are aliergic to certain chemicals that are part of pharmaceutical drugs. Herbal remedies on the other hand create no allergic reactions.

(Adapted from: http://www,homeremediescare.com/why-opt-for-herbal-remedies-advantages-anddisadvantages-of-herbal-medicine $ (D $ What is the author's attitude toward the topic of the passage?

1. A.Neutral
2. B.Negative
3. C.Concerned
4. D.Approving
5. E.Uninterested

The sun set on the North Pole more than a month ago, not to rise again until spring. Usually that serves as a cue for sea ice to spread its frozen tentacles across the Arctic Ocean. But in the depths of the polar night, a strange thing started to happen in mid-October. Sea ice growth slowed to a crawl and even started shrinking for a bit. Intense warmth in both the air and oceans is driving the mini-meltdown at a time when Arctic sea ice should be rapidly growing. This follows last winter, when temperatures saw a huge December spike. Even in an age where climate change is making outliers - lowest maximum sea ice extent set two years in a row, the hottest year on record set three years in a row, global coral bleaching entering a third year - the norm, what is happening in the Arctic right now does not have any relation else where. "I've never seen anything like it this last year and a half," Mark Serreze, director of the National Snow and Ice Data Center, said. The latest twist in the Arctic sea ice saga began in mid-October. Temperatures stayed stuck in their September range, pausing sea ice growth. By the end of the month, the Arctic was missing a chunk of ice the size of the eastem U.S. The oddness continued into November, A large area of the Arctic saw temperatures as much as $ 36^{\circ} \mathrm{F} $ above normal, further slowing arctic sea ice growth and even turning it around for a few days. In other words, it was so warm in the Arctic that despite the lack of sunlight, sea ice actually disappeared. "The ridiculously warm temperatures in the Arctic during October and November this year are off the charts over our 68 years of measurements," Jennifer Francis, a climate scientist at Rutgers University who studies the Arctic, said. Compounding the wann air is warm water. Sea surface temperatures on the edge of the ice are also running well above normal in many places, further encouraging sea ice growth. (Adapted from: $ \mathrm{http}: / / $ www.livescience.com/56954-arctic-sea-ice-record-low.html)

The author begins paragraph 3 by quoting an expert's opinion followed by ...

1. A.Some reasons for the sea ice growth
2. B.Some facts about the effect of the sea ice growth
3. C.Some ideas about twisting the temperature in the Arctic sea
4. D.Some detailed examples of what happened in the Arctic sea
5. E.Some explanation of the detailed activities done by this expert

The second advantage of herbal medicines is the absence of long term effects. Repeated and long-term use of herbal remedies does no result in long-term effects on the body. Certain pharmaceutical drugs like paracetamol when used for long periods results in permanent body damage and long-term ill effects. Herbal remedies on the other hand are not harmful to the body in the long term. One can use most herbal remedies repeatedly and regularly without any worries. Another benefit of using herbal remedies is that they are completely natural. They do not have chemical composition or drugs. Due to their natural nature they can be consumed regularly. These natural remedies also result in a better immune system. Furthermoze, herbal remedies have multipurpose benefits. For instance, ginger is usually used as an herbal remedy for colds and digestive disorders, but one can also use it in their tea, beverages and daily home cooked foods for flavoring. Similarly, herbal extracts from peppermint can not only add spice and flavor to your kitchen recipes, but can also be used as anti-depressant. Herbal remedies are absolutely inexpensive and sometimes even absolutely free of cost. Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, herbal remedies have no manufacturing costs, making them far cheaper. Some herbal remedies like ginseng, peppermint and ginger can even be grown in your backyard. Herbal remedies are easily accessible. Certain herbal remedies like ginger, peppermint and basil leaves can be acquired anywhere in the world. One can even visit any local drug store and purchase herbal remedies without any trouble. Besides this you can even grow some of the remedies in your garden. Another excellent benefit of herbal remedies is that it can be used to cure people of all ages. Children, adults and even elderly people can resort to herbal remedies to get rid of their ailments. Due to their natural nature, herbal remedies most often do not cause an allergic reaction in the body. Several people are aliergic to certain chemicals that are part of pharmaceutical drugs. Herbal remedies on the other hand create no allergic reactions.

(Adapted from: http://www,homeremediescare.com/why-opt-for-herbal-remedies-advantages-anddisadvantages-of-herbal-medicine $ (D $ What is the best summary of the passage?

1. A.Some advantages can be enjoyed when someone uses herbal medicines. They do not result in long term effects and allergic reaction. They are natural and are useful for many purposes. They can be obtained casily at low price, or even for free. Herbal remedies can be used by people of different age groups.
2. B.One of-the advantages of using herbal medication is its use for several purposes. Ginger can be used for health treatment as well as for meal flavouring. Similarly, peppermint gives fresh taste on your food and serves as an anti-depressant. It is then very useful to grow herbs in your garden.
3. C.Being useful for some purposes simultaneously make herbs great choices. People can use them, not only for flavouring food, but also for medication. They are cheap or even free of charge. People can grow them easily at home.
4. D.The jest positive side of herbal medicine is its natural nature. It is not only useful for adults but also for young people. The price is affordable. Moreover, they can be used for several purposes simultaneously.
5. E.Herbal remedies are useful for some reasons. The main reason is its low price. People can even have it without payment. Some are useful form multiple purposes.

Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder. It is also known as manic-depresssive illness. It causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. It also affects the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. There are four basic types of bipolar disorder. All of them involve clear changes in mood, energy, and activity levels. These moods range, from periods of extremely "up" to "down" periods. During the "up" periods one shows energized behavior. During the "down" periods he/she is very sad or hopeless. The "up" periods are known as manic episodes. The "down" periods are known as depressive episodes. Less severe manic periods are known as hypomanic episodes. People with bipolar disorder experience periods of extremely intense emotion. They also experience changes in sleep patterns and activity levels. They show unusual behaviors. These periods are called "mood episodes". Mood episodes are extremely different from the person's ordinary moods and behaviors. During the mood episodes there are extreme changes in energy, activity, and sleep. Sometimes a mood episode includes both manic and depressive symptoms this is called an episode with mixed features. People experiencing an episode with mixed features may feel very sad, empty, or hopeless and extremely energized at the same time. Bipolar disorder can be present even when the mood swings are less extreme. For example, some people with bipolar disorder experience hypomania. It is a less severe form of mania. During a hypomanic episode, an individual may feel very good. The person may not feel that anything is wrong. However, family and friends may recognize the mood swings. Without proper treatment, people with hypomaria may develop severe mania or depression.

(Adapted from: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder/index.shtml) One of the symptoms of manic episodes is feeling ...

1. A.Very lively
2. B.Extremely happy
3. C.Really powerful
4. D.Unusually strong
5. E.Awfully active

The term learning styles is widcly used in education. It is used to describe how leamers gather, organize, and "store" information: the information to be used later. There are different divisions of learning styles. Among the different divisions are the VARK's and Felder-Silverman's divisions. VARK divides learning styles into visual, aural, verbal (reading/writing), and kinesthetic. Felder and Silverman divide them into active- reflective, sensingintuitive, verbal-visual, and sequential-globale Although there are different divisions of learning, the basic idea behind learning styles is the same; each of us has a specific learning style. We learn best when information is presented to us in this style. For example, visual learners would learn best if given visual images. Kinesthetic learners would learn best when they move during learning. Thus, diagnosing individuals' learning style[s] is needed for optimal instruction. Although the idea of learning styles is popular, there is no evidence to relate it with learning improvement. No evidence supports the idea that matching activities to one's learning style improves learning. In 2009 , Harold Pashler, Mark McDaniel, Doug Rohrer, and Robert Bjork evaluated the research on learning styles. They came to a conclusion that there is no evidence supporting the existing idea: the idea that teaching is best done in a way that matches the learning styles. Many of those studies suffered from weak research design. They were far from convincing. Other studies with a good experimental design found contradictory results. They contradict the popular assumptions about learning styles. In sum, there is a great popularity of the learning-styles approach in education. However, the lack of credible evidence for its use is striking and disturbing.

(adapted from: https://cft.vanderbit.edu/quides-sub-pages/learninq-styles-preferences/D What is the disappointing finding about learning styles?

1. A.The lack of credible evidence to connect them with learning improvement
2. B.The decreasing popularity of learning-style approach in education
3. C.The fact that each of us has a specific leaning style
4. D.The contradictory result of studies
5. E.The weak research design

Passage 8 Considering the harmful environmental effects produced by pollution, overpopulation, and depletion of natural resources, numerous scholars and public officials have called for increased urgency in motivating people to engage in pro-environmental behaviors. One significant way of meeting such calls involves our behavior as consumers. For example, people often have the option of switching from conventional products to energy-efficient or reusable "green" products. Yet, while green options are becoming more widely available, many barriers to change remain. For instance, people are notoriously reluctant to change familiar patterns of behavior, and making a switch to green behaviors often necessitates making sacrifices (e.g., paying more for a less effective product). Based on research on energy conservation in the wake of the 1970 s energy crisis, researches have continued to investigate strategies that promote conservation behaviors. However, they need to consider the underlying motives for conservation in order to develop an effective strategy. In fact, those motives have been identified. Each of them suggests different strategies for stimulating conservation. Therefore, public officials should choose one best strategy to conserve environment. According to an environmental concern perspective, people are assumed to engage in conservation primarily because they, at some level, basically care about the security of the planet and its inhabitants. To motivate green behavior from this perspective, an effective strategy involves better informing people about the plight of the environment. Accordingly, information campaigns about the dangerous state of the planet should lead people to behave in a pro-environmental fashion, even if going green requires some sacrifice on the part of consumers. In contrast, a rational economic perspective suggests that conservation is primarily determined by economic reasons. As a result, an effective way to motivate people to go green is by making green products cheaper, more efficient, and providing consumers with financial incentives (e.g., tax breaks) to buy them. The motives related to environmental concern and economic advantage can certainly spur conservation.

What does the author imply by stating $ { }^{\mu} $ ... while green options are becoming more widely available, many barriers to change remain" in lines 4-5?

1. A.People feel more convenient when using green products than conventional products.
2. B.People still need time to be ready to use green products.
3. C.Using green options makes the products cheaper and more efficient.
4. D.There are many problems people face in choosing the products.
5. E.Consumers have many choices of products to fulfill their needs.